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expect参数
expect教程中文版
expect中文手册
expect说明
启用选项
-c:执行脚本前先执行的命令,可多次使用。
-d:debug模式,可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息,与在脚本开始处使用exp_internal 1相似。
-D:启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。
-f:从文件读取命令,仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-",则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。
-i:交互式输入命令,使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。
--:标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时),可放到#!行:#!/usr/bin/expect --。
-v:显示expect版本信息。
常用命令
- # 命令行参数
- # $argv,参数数组,使用[lindex $argv n]获取,$argv 0为脚本名字
- # $argc,参数个数
- set username [lindex $argv 1] # 获取第1个参数
- set passwd [lindex $argv 2] # 获取第2个参数
-
- set timeout 30 # 设置超时
-
- # spawn是expect内部命令,开启ssh连接
- spawn ssh -l username 192.168.1.1
-
- # 判断上次输出结果里是否包含“password:”的字符串,如果有则立即返回,否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回
- expect "password:"
-
- # 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等)
- send "ispass\r"
-
- # 发送内容给用户
- send_user "$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"
- send_user "It's OK\r"
- # 执行完成后保持交互状态,控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。
- interact
复制代码 命令介绍
close:关闭当前进程的连接。
debug:控制调试器。
disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行)。
定时读取密码、执行priv_prog
- send_user "password?\ "
- expect_user -re "(.*)\n"
- for {} 1 {} {
- if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}
- disconnect
- spawn priv_prog
- expect Password:
- send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"
- . . .
- exit
- }
复制代码 exit:退出expect。
exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。
exp_internal [-f file] value:
expect范例
自动telnet会话
- #!/usr/bin/expect -f
- set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
- set userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为userid
- set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
- set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ] # 接收第4个参数,作为命令
- set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间
-
- # 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
- spawn telnet $ip
- expect "username:"
- # 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
- send "$userid\r"
- expect "password:"
- # 输入密码,并等待键入需要运行的命令
- send "$mypassword\r"
- expect "%"
- # 输入预先定好的密码,等待运行结果
- send "$mycommand\r"
- expect "%"
- # 将运行结果存入到变量中,显示出来或者写到磁盘中
- set results $expect_out(buffer)
- # 退出telnet会话,等待服务器的退出提示EOF
- send "exit\r"
- expect eof
复制代码 自动建立FTP会话
- #!/usr/bin/expect -f
- set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
- set userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为Userid
- set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
- set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间
-
- # 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
- spawn ftp $ip
- expect "username:"
- # 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
- send "$userid\r"
- expect "password:"
- # 输入密码,并等待FTP提示符的出现
- send "$mypassword\r"
- expect "ftp>"
- # 切换到二进制模式,并等待FTP提示符的出现
- send "bin\r"
- expect "ftp>"
- # 关闭ftp的提示符
- send "prompt\r"
- expect "ftp>"
- # 下载所有文件
- send "mget *\r"
- expect "ftp>"
- # 退出此次ftp会话,并等待服务器的退出提示EOF
- send "bye\r"
- expect eof
复制代码 自动登录ssh执行命令
- #!/usr/bin/expect
- set IP [lindex $argv 0]
- set USER [lindex $argv 1]
- set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]
- set CMD [lindex $argv 3]
-
- spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD
- expect {
- "(yes/no)?" {
- send "yes\r"
- expect "password:"
- send "$PASSWD\r"
- }
- "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}
- "* to host" {exit 1}
- }
- expect eof
复制代码 自动登录ssh
- #!/usr/bin/expect -f
- set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
- set username [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为username
- set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
- set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间
-
- spawn ssh $username@$ip # 发送ssh请求
- expect { # 返回信息匹配
- "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续
- "*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" } # 出现密码提示,发送密码
- }
- interact # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面
复制代码 批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例,设定增量的for循环
- #!/usr/bin/expect
- for {set i 10} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {
- set timeout 30
- set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
- spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com
-
- expect_before "no)?" {
- send "yes\r" }
- sleep 1
- expect "password*"
- send "hello\r"
- expect "*#"
- send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
- expect "*#"
- send "echo\r"
- }
- exit
复制代码 批量登录ssh并执行命令,foreach语法
- #!/usr/bin/expect
- if {$argc!=2} {
- send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"
- exit
- }
- foreach i {11 12} {
- set timeout 30
- set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
- set password [lindex $argv 1]
- spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com
- expect_before "no)?" {
- send "yes\r" }
- sleep 1
-
- expect "Enter passphrase for key*"
- send "password\r"
- expect "*#"
- send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
- expect "*#"
- send "echo\r"
- }
- exit
复制代码 另一自动ssh范例,从命令行获取服务器IP,foreach语法,expect嵌套
- #!/usr/bin/expect
- # 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...
-
- set timeout 20
- if {$argc < 1} {
- puts "Usage: script IPs"
- exit 1
- }
- # 替换你自己的用户名
- set user "username"
- #替换你自己的登录密码
- set password "yourpassword"
-
- foreach IP $argv {
- spawn ssh $user@$IP
-
- expect \
- "(yes/no)?" {
- send "yes\r"
- expect "password:?" {
- send "$password\r"
- }
- } "password:?" {
- send "$password\r"
- }
-
- expect "\$?"
- # 替换你要执行的命令
- send "last\r"
- expect "\$?"
- sleep 10
- send "exit\r"
- expect eof
- }
复制代码 批量ssh执行命令,用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行
tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
- #!/bin/sh
- # -*- tcl -*- \
- exec tclsh $0 "$@"
- package require Expect
- set username [lindex $argv 0]
- set password [lindex $argv 1]
- set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]
- set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"
- foreach ip $argv {
- spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh
- lappend ids $spawn_id
- }
- expect_before -i ids eof {
- set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]
- set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]
- if [llength $ids] exp_continue
- }
- expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {
- send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r
- exp_continue
- } -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {
- send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r
- exp_continue
- } -i ids "assword:" {
- send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r
- exp_continue
- } -i ids -re $prompt {
- set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)
- send "echo hello; exit\r"
- exp_continue
- } timeout {
- exit 1
- }
复制代码 ssh登录过程常规提示文字
- The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
- RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
- Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
- Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':
- Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
- [root@master003 ~]#
- root@192.168.16.90's password:
- Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
- [root@lvsmaster ~]#
复制代码 ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect
- #!/usr/bin/expect -f
- # Auther:YuanXing
- # Update:2014-02-08
- if {$argc < 4} {
- send_user "Usage:\n $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"
- puts stderr "argv error!\n"
- sleep 1
- exit 1
- }
-
- set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]
- set user [lindex $argv 1 ]
- set passwd [lindex $argv 2 ]
- set port [lindex $argv 3 ]
- set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]
- set timeout 6
- if {$port == ""} {
- set port 22
- }
- #send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"
- spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip
-
- expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {
- send "yes\r"}
-
- expect \
- "Enter passphrase for key*" {
- send "$passphrase\r"
- exp_continue
- } " password:?" {
- send "$passwd\r"
- exp_continue
- } "*\[#\\\$]" {
- interact
- } "* to host" {
- send_user "Connect faild!"
- exit 2
- } timeout {
- send_user "Connect timeout!"
- exit 2
- } eof {
- send_user "Lost connect!"
- exit
- }
复制代码 Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect
http://www.pmoghadam.com/homepag ... ipt-ssh-expect.html
- #!/bin/bash
- # BY: Pejman Moghadam
- # TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp
- # DATE: 2012-05-27 14:42:14
-
- BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"
- HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"
- PORT="22"
- USER="admin"
- PASS="123456"
- TMP=$(mktemp)
- TODAY=$(date +%F)
- FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"
- PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
-
- # create expect script
- cat > $TMP << EOF
- #exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug
- set timeout -1
- spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME
- match_max 100000
- expect -exact "password:"
- send -- "$PASS\r"
- sleep 1
- expect " > "
- send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"
- expect " > "
- send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"
- expect " > "
- send -- "quit\r"
- expect eof
- EOF
-
- # run expect script
- #cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug
- expect -f $TMP
-
- # remove expect script
- rm $TMP
-
- # download and remove backup files
- # "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files
- cd ${BACKUP_DIR}
- echo "
- set xfer:clobber on
- get ${FILENAME}.rsc
- rm ${FILENAME}.rsc
- get ${FILENAME}.backup
- rm ${FILENAME}.backup" |
- lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME
复制代码 转自
http://xstarcd.github.io/wiki/shell/expect.html
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